{"id":29465,"date":"2026-06-05T08:04:21","date_gmt":"2026-06-05T00:04:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aif.amtbbs.org\/?p=29465"},"modified":"2026-06-05T08:07:30","modified_gmt":"2026-06-05T00:07:30","slug":"gpu-%e6%80%a7%e8%83%bd%e4%bc%98%e5%8c%96%e4%b9%8b%e7%bb%91%e6%a0%b8%e4%b8%8e%e5%85%b3%e6%a0%b8%e5%ae%9e%e8%b7%b5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aif.amtbbs.org\/index.php\/2026\/06\/05\/29465\/","title":{"rendered":"GPU \u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u4e4b\u7ed1\u6838\u4e0e\u5173\u6838\u5b9e\u8df5"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"article-desc\">AI\u7b97\u529b\u5728GPU\u6a21\u578b\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u63a8\u7406\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u5728GPU\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e8eCPU\u65e0\u6cd5\u53ca\u65f6\u5c06\u4efb\u52a1&#8221;\u5582&#8221;\u7ed9GPU\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684Host Bound\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7ed1\u6838\uff08CPU Affinity\uff09\u548c\u5173\u6838\uff08\u6838\u5fc3\u9694\u79bb\/\u964d\u6838\uff09\u6b63\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e24\u5927\u6838\u5fc3\u624b\u6bb5\u3002<\/div>\n<div id=\"postspictures\" class=\"article-content\">\n<div id=\"container\" class=\"container am-engine\" data-v-01a18e2f=\"\" data-element=\"root\">\n<p><img data-dominant-color=\"24467b\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #24467b;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"not-transparent alignnone size-full wp-image-29469\" src=\"https:\/\/aiforumimage.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/297a130414c30298fbd275c891c93b35a61d59.jpg\" width=\"1248\" height=\"696\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aiforumimage.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/297a130414c30298fbd275c891c93b35a61d59.jpg 1248w, https:\/\/aiforumimage.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/297a130414c30298fbd275c891c93b35a61d59-300x167.jpg 300w, https:\/\/aiforumimage.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/297a130414c30298fbd275c891c93b35a61d59-1024x571.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/aiforumimage.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/297a130414c30298fbd275c891c93b35a61d59-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/aiforumimage.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/297a130414c30298fbd275c891c93b35a61d59-768x428.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1248px) 100vw, 1248px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5728GPU\u6a21\u578b\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u63a8\u7406\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u5728GPU\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e8eCPU\u65e0\u6cd5\u53ca\u65f6\u5c06\u4efb\u52a1&#8221;\u5582&#8221;\u7ed9GPU\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684<strong>Host Bound\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7ed1\u6838\uff08CPU Affinity\uff09\u548c\u5173\u6838\uff08\u6838\u5fc3\u9694\u79bb\/\u964d\u6838\uff09\u6b63\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e24\u5927\u6838\u5fc3\u624b\u6bb5\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>\u4e00\u3001\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u7ed1\u6838\uff1f<\/h3>\n<h4>1.1 \u95ee\u9898\u6839\u6e90\uff1a\u8de8NUMA\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7<\/h4>\n<p>\u73b0\u4ee3\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u5e38\u914d\u7f6e\u591a\u4e2aCPU\u63d2\u69fd\uff08NUMA\u8282\u70b9\uff09\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2aGPU\u4e0e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684CPU\u63d2\u69fd\u5b58\u5728\u4eb2\u548c\u6027\u3002\u5f53CPU\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u9519\u8bef\u7684NUMA\u8282\u70b9\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u8f83\u6162\u7684\u8de8\u69fd\u4e92\u8fde\u603b\u7ebf\u8bbf\u95eeGPU\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4<strong>\u5e26\u5bbd\u964d\u4f4e\u3001\u5ef6\u8fdf\u589e\u52a0<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a4\u00d7GPU\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5178\u578b\u7684NUMA\u4eb2\u548c\u6027\u6620\u5c04\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<table class=\"data-table\" data-transient-attributes=\"class\" data-width=\"677px\">\n<colgroup data-id=\"c7104f7d-EY7O2im1\">\n<col span=\"1\" width=\"338.5\" data-id=\"cd89ecb0-6t2KB01x\" \/>\n<col span=\"1\" width=\"338.5\" data-id=\"cd89ecb0-Pt9JosMN\" \/><\/colgroup>\n<tbody data-id=\"t6d5e859-QhNsrkrQ\">\n<tr data-id=\"t31e458f-e0ecf8CK\">\n<td data-id=\"t8c0e6ab-I5WZhjRb\" data-transient-attributes=\"table-cell-selection\">GPU<\/td>\n<td class=\"table-last-row\" data-id=\"t8c0e6ab-GT31O61h\" data-transient-attributes=\"table-cell-selection\">NUMA Domain<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-id=\"t31e458f-I8udvYCN\">\n<td data-id=\"t8c0e6ab-RQTCeP9g\" data-transient-attributes=\"table-cell-selection\">0<\/td>\n<td class=\"table-last-row\" data-id=\"t8c0e6ab-BkIVdjaQ\" data-transient-attributes=\"table-cell-selection\">0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-id=\"t31e458f-Xdb0mn6E\">\n<td data-id=\"t8c0e6ab-EmFcSa3I\" data-transient-attributes=\"table-cell-selection\">1<\/td>\n<td class=\"table-last-row\" data-id=\"t8c0e6ab-pYirCFee\" data-transient-attributes=\"table-cell-selection\">0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-id=\"t31e458f-2JyCVSmQ\">\n<td data-id=\"t8c0e6ab-G9Xkii4f\" data-transient-attributes=\"table-cell-selection\">2<\/td>\n<td class=\"table-last-row\" data-id=\"t8c0e6ab-rWk2gfo0\" data-transient-attributes=\"table-cell-selection\">1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-id=\"t31e458f-7wMzZ6Aw\">\n<td class=\"table-last-column\" data-id=\"t8c0e6ab-8HdKchgf\" data-transient-attributes=\"table-cell-selection\">3<\/td>\n<td class=\"table-last-column table-last-row\" data-id=\"t8c0e6ab-ZRQv7Yj9\" data-transient-attributes=\"table-cell-selection\">1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u505a\u7ed1\u6838\uff0cMPI\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8c03\u5ea6\u5230\u4efb\u610fCPU\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u65e0\u7ed1\u6838\u65f6\u4e0d\u540cGPU\u95f4\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u5dee\u5f02\u663e\u8457\uff0c\u6027\u80fd\u6781\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>1.2 \u7ed1\u6838\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u76ee\u6807<\/h4>\n<p>\u7ed1\u6838\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\uff1a<strong>\u5904\u7406GPU\u4efb\u52a1\u7684CPU\u6838\u5fc3\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807GPU\u4f4d\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u4e2aNUMA\u8282\u70b9<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul data-id=\"ua73dd4b-MdA1s5XC\">\n<li data-id=\"ld70c578-05iSMxcO\">\u907f\u514d\u8de8NUMA\u5185\u5b58\u8bbf\u95ee<\/li>\n<li data-id=\"ld70c578-0Ow7Xfdc\">\u964d\u4f4e\u4efb\u52a1\u8c03\u5ea6\u5f00\u9500<\/li>\n<li data-id=\"ld70c578-VxO7hxQh\">\u63d0\u5347\u7b97\u5b50\u4e0b\u53d1\u901f\u5ea6<\/li>\n<li data-id=\"ld70c578-Uogl6f4I\">\u51cf\u5c11\u591a\u5361\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u8c03\u5ea6\u4e0d\u9f50\u6574\u95ee\u9898<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u4e8c\u3001\u7ed1\u6838\u5b9e\u6218\uff1a\u4ece\u5165\u95e8\u5230\u7cbe\u901a<\/h3>\n<h4>2.1 \u57fa\u7840\u68c0\u67e5\uff1a\u786e\u5b9aGPU-NUMA\u4eb2\u548c\u6027<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728\u6267\u884c\u7ed1\u6838\u524d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>NVIDIA GPU\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<div>\n<div class=\"hljs-cto\">\n<div class=\"hljs-cto\"><button class=\"copy_btn disable\" data-clipboard-target=\"#code_id_0\">\u590d\u5236<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"code-toolbar\">\n<pre class=\"has-pre-numbering language-plain\" tabindex=\"0\"><code class=\"language-plain\"># \u67e5\u770bGPU\u4e0eCPU\u7684NUMA\u4eb2\u548c\u6027nvidia-smi topo -m<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul id=\"code_id_0\" class=\"pre-numbering\">\n<li>1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"toolbar\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2aGPU\u4e0eCPU\u6838\u5fc3\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u8ddd\u79bb\u8d8a\u8fd1\u6027\u80fd\u8d8a\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6607\u817eNPU\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<div>\n<div class=\"hljs-cto\">\n<div class=\"hljs-cto\"><button class=\"copy_btn disable\" data-clipboard-target=\"#code_id_1\">\u590d\u5236<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"code-toolbar\">\n<pre class=\"has-pre-numbering language-plain\" tabindex=\"0\"><code class=\"language-plain\"># \u67e5\u8be2NPU\u7684Bus-IDnpu-smi info# \u6839\u636eBus-ID\u67e5\u8be2NUMA\u8282\u70b9lspci -vs &lt;Bus-Id&gt; | grep NUMA<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul id=\"code_id_1\" class=\"pre-numbering\">\n<li>1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"toolbar\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h4>2.2 Slurm\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u7ed1\u6838\uff08HPC\u573a\u666f\uff09<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728\u4f7f\u7528Slurm\u7684HPC\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u4f18\u7ed1\u6838\u7b56\u7565\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u81ea\u52a8\u7ed1\u6838\uff08\u63a8\u8350\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u591a\u6570\u573a\u666f\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<div>\n<div class=\"hljs-cto\">\n<div class=\"hljs-cto\"><button class=\"copy_btn disable\" data-clipboard-target=\"#code_id_2\">\u590d\u5236<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"code-toolbar\">\n<pre class=\"has-pre-numbering language-plain\" tabindex=\"0\"><code class=\"language-plain\"># \u6bcf\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u6700\u8fd1\u7684GPUsrun --gpus-per-task=1 --gpu-bind=closest \\     --cpu-bind=mask_cpu:&lt;core_mask&gt; .\/your_app<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul id=\"code_id_2\" class=\"pre-numbering\">\n<li>1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"toolbar\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u624b\u52a8\u6620\u5c04\uff08\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u573a\u666f\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<div>\n<div class=\"hljs-cto\">\n<div class=\"hljs-cto\"><button class=\"copy_btn disable\" data-clipboard-target=\"#code_id_3\">\u590d\u5236<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"code-toolbar\">\n<pre class=\"has-pre-numbering language-plain\" tabindex=\"0\"><code class=\"language-plain\"># \u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u6bcf\u4e2aMPI rank\u7ed1\u5b9a\u7684CPU\u6838\u5fc3# \u8282\u70b9\u67094\u4e2aGPU\uff0cNUMA0\u5bf9\u5e94GPU0-1\uff0cNUMA1\u5bf9\u5e94GPU2-3srun --cpu-bind=map_cpu:0,20,40,60 .\/kernel.exe<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul id=\"code_id_3\" class=\"pre-numbering\">\n<li>1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"toolbar\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6838\u5fc30\u548c20\u4f4d\u4e8eNUMA0\uff08\u7ed1\u5b9aGPU0-1\uff09\uff0c\u6838\u5fc340\u548c60\u4f4d\u4e8eNUMA1\uff08\u7ed1\u5b9aGPU2-3\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>2.3 Python\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u573a\u666f\u7684\u7ed1\u6838<\/h4>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528Python\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u6216\u63a8\u7406\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u5185\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4eb2\u548c\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n<div>\n<div class=\"hljs-cto\">\n<div class=\"hljs-cto\"><button class=\"copy_btn disable\" data-clipboard-target=\"#code_id_4\">\u590d\u5236<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"code-toolbar\">\n<pre class=\"has-pre-numbering language-plain\" tabindex=\"0\"><code class=\"language-plain\">import psutilimport osdef set_cpu_affinity(rank, cores_per_rank=4):    \"\"\"    \u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2aGPU rank\u7ed1\u5b9a\u4e13\u5c5eCPU\u6838\u5fc3    rank: GPU\u7f16\u53f7    cores_per_rank: \u6bcf\u4e2arank\u5360\u7528\u7684CPU\u6838\u5fc3\u6570    \"\"\"    total_cores = psutil.cpu_count(logical=True)    start_core = rank * cores_per_rank    end_core = start_core + cores_per_rank    core_ids = list(range(start_core, end_core))    p = psutil.Process(os.getpid())    p.cpu_affinity(core_ids)    print(f\"GPU {rank} bound to CPU cores {core_ids}\")# \u5728\u542f\u52a8\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u524d\u8c03\u7528for rank in range(num_gpus):    set_cpu_affinity(rank)    # ... \u542f\u52a8\u8bad\u7ec3\u903b\u8f91<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul id=\"code_id_4\" class=\"pre-numbering\">\n<li>1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"toolbar\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h4>2.4 \u591a\u5361\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u7ed1\u6838\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h4>\n<p>\u57288\u5361\u6607\u817eNPU\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7ed1\u6838\u811a\u672c\u53ef\u786e\u4fdd\u591a\u5361\u7b97\u5b50\u8c03\u5ea6\u9f50\u6574\uff1a<\/p>\n<div>\n<div class=\"hljs-cto\">\n<div class=\"hljs-cto\"><button class=\"copy_btn disable\" data-clipboard-target=\"#code_id_5\">\u590d\u5236<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"code-toolbar\">\n<pre class=\"has-pre-numbering language-plain\" tabindex=\"0\"><code class=\"language-plain\"># \u9884\u5148\u5efa\u7acbGPU\u7f16\u53f7\u5230NUMA\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6620\u5c04declare -A mapmap[\"0\"]=\"3\"map[\"1\"]=\"3\"map[\"2\"]=\"2\"map[\"3\"]=\"2\"map[\"4\"]=\"0\"map[\"5\"]=\"0\"map[\"6\"]=\"1\"map[\"7\"]=\"1\"export HCCL_WHITELIST_DISABLE=1WORLD_SIZE=8for((RANK_ID=0; RANK_ID&lt;WORLD_SIZE; RANK_ID++));do    bind=${map[\"$RANK_ID\"]}    echo \"Device $RANK_ID -&gt; NUMA node $bind\"    numactl --cpunodebind=$bind --membind=$bind \\            python3 train_script.py &amp;donewait<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul id=\"code_id_5\" class=\"pre-numbering\">\n<li>1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"toolbar\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>\u5173\u952e\u70b9<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul data-id=\"ua73dd4b-p5VAbVq2\">\n<li data-id=\"ld70c578-zv18zmxt\"><code>--cpunodebind<\/code>\uff1a\u5c06\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u6307\u5b9aNUMA\u8282\u70b9\u7684CPU<\/li>\n<li data-id=\"ld70c578-Qe6FBxL4\"><code>--membind<\/code>\uff1a\u5f3a\u5236\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u4e5f\u6765\u81ea\u540c\u4e00NUMA\u8282\u70b9<\/li>\n<li data-id=\"ld70c578-pGi2ns7U\">\u4e24\u8005\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u624d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u907f\u514d\u8de8\u8282\u70b9\u8bbf\u95ee<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u4e09\u3001\u5173\u6838\uff1a\u6781\u81f4\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u9694\u79bb<\/h3>\n<h4>3.1 \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u5173\u6838\uff1f<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728\u6781\u81f4\u6027\u80fd\u8ffd\u6c42\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5&#8221;\u7ed1\u6838&#8221;\u8fd8\u4e0d\u591f\u3002\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ecd\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u88ab\u7ed1\u5b9a\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4e0a\u8c03\u5ea6\u5176\u4ed6\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u9020\u6210\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul data-id=\"ua73dd4b-Mm96KZmq\">\n<li data-id=\"ld70c578-PqT7ZYFX\">Cache\u6c61\u67d3<\/li>\n<li data-id=\"ld70c578-dFbjx8Uz\">\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362\u5f00\u9500<\/li>\n<li data-id=\"ld70c578-sq0IoA2i\">\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6296\u52a8<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u5173\u6838\uff08\u6838\u5fc3\u9694\u79bb\uff09<\/strong>\u00a0\u901a\u8fc7\u4ece\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u67d0\u4e9b\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u5b8c\u5168\u9884\u7559\u7ed9\u4f60\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>3.2 Linux\u5185\u6838\u7ea7\u5173\u6838<\/h4>\n<p><strong>\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u5185\u6838\u542f\u52a8\u53c2\u6570\u9694\u79bb\uff08\u6c38\u4e45\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7f16\u8f91\u00a0<code>\/etc\/default\/grub<\/code>\uff0c\u4fee\u6539\u00a0<code>GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n<div>\n<div class=\"hljs-cto\">\n<div class=\"hljs-cto\"><button class=\"copy_btn disable\" data-clipboard-target=\"#code_id_6\">\u590d\u5236<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"code-toolbar\">\n<pre class=\"has-pre-numbering language-plain\" tabindex=\"0\"><code class=\"language-plain\"># \u9694\u79bb\u6838\u5fc30-3\u548c40-43\uff08\u51718\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\uff09GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=\"... isolcpus=0-3,40-43 nohz_full=0-3,40-43 rcu_nocbs=0-3,40-43\"<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul id=\"code_id_6\" class=\"pre-numbering\">\n<li>1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"toolbar\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u7136\u540e\u66f4\u65b0grub\u5e76\u91cd\u542f\uff1a<\/p>\n<div>\n<div class=\"hljs-cto\">\n<div class=\"hljs-cto\"><button class=\"copy_btn disable\" data-clipboard-target=\"#code_id_7\">\u590d\u5236<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"code-toolbar\">\n<pre class=\"has-pre-numbering language-plain\" tabindex=\"0\"><code class=\"language-plain\">update-grub   # Debian\/Ubuntugrub2-mkconfig -o \/boot\/grub2\/grub.cfg  # RHEL\/CentOS<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul id=\"code_id_7\" class=\"pre-numbering\">\n<li>1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"toolbar\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u52a8\u6001\u9694\u79bb\uff08cpuset\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u65e0\u9700\u91cd\u542f\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528cgroup\u7684cpuset\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1a<\/p>\n<div>\n<div class=\"hljs-cto\">\n<div class=\"hljs-cto\"><button class=\"copy_btn disable\" data-clipboard-target=\"#code_id_8\">\u590d\u5236<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"code-toolbar\">\n<pre class=\"has-pre-numbering language-plain\" tabindex=\"0\"><code class=\"language-plain\"># \u521b\u5efa\u4e13\u7528cgroupmkdir \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/cpuset\/gpu_isolated# \u8bbe\u7f6e\u9694\u79bb\u6838\u5fc3\uff08\u5047\u8bbe\u6838\u5fc30-3,40-43\uff09echo \"0-3,40-43\" &gt; \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/cpuset\/gpu_isolated\/cpuset.cpusecho \"0\" &gt; \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/cpuset\/gpu_isolated\/cpuset.mems# \u5c06\u4f60\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0bPID\u52a0\u5165echo &lt;PID&gt; &gt; \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\/cpuset\/gpu_isolated\/tasks<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul id=\"code_id_8\" class=\"pre-numbering\">\n<li>1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"toolbar\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h4>3.3 \u5173\u6838\u540e\u7684\u7ed1\u6838\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h4>\n<p>\u9694\u79bb\u6838\u5fc3\u540e\uff0c\u7ed1\u6838\u64cd\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e13\u5c5e\u6838\u5fc3\uff1a<\/p>\n<div>\n<div class=\"hljs-cto\">\n<div class=\"hljs-cto\"><button class=\"copy_btn disable\" data-clipboard-target=\"#code_id_9\">\u590d\u5236<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"code-toolbar\">\n<pre class=\"has-pre-numbering language-plain\" tabindex=\"0\"><code class=\"language-plain\"># \u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u6838\u5fc3numactl --cpunodebind=0 --membind=0 \\        taskset -c 0-3,40-43 python train.py<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul id=\"code_id_9\" class=\"pre-numbering\">\n<li>1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"toolbar\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h4>3.4 \u5173\u6838\u7684\u6548\u679c\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/h4>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u76d1\u63a7\u6838\u5fc3\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a<\/p>\n<div>\n<div class=\"hljs-cto\">\n<div class=\"hljs-cto\"><button class=\"copy_btn disable\" data-clipboard-target=\"#code_id_10\">\u590d\u5236<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"code-toolbar\">\n<pre class=\"has-pre-numbering language-plain\" tabindex=\"0\"><code class=\"language-plain\"># \u67e5\u770b\u5404\u6838\u5fc3\u8d1f\u8f7d\uff0c\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5e94\u8be5\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u7a0bmpstat -P ALL 1# \u67e5\u770b\u4e2d\u65ad\u5206\u5e03\uff08\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4e0d\u5e94\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u4e2d\u65ad\uff09cat \/proc\/interrupts | grep -E \"CPU|^[ ]*[0-9]+\"<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul id=\"code_id_10\" class=\"pre-numbering\">\n<li>1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"toolbar\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>\u56db\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u6536\u76ca\u8bc4\u4f30\u6846\u67b6<\/h3>\n<h4>4.1 GPU\u5229\u7528\u7387\u76d1\u63a7<\/h4>\n<p>\u7ed1\u6838\/\u5173\u6838\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u63d0\u5347GPU\u5229\u7528\u7387\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5de5\u5177\u8fdb\u884c\u57fa\u51c6\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<div>\n<div class=\"hljs-cto\">\n<div class=\"hljs-cto\"><button class=\"copy_btn disable\" data-clipboard-target=\"#code_id_11\">\u590d\u5236<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"code-toolbar\">\n<pre class=\"has-pre-numbering language-plain\" tabindex=\"0\"><code class=\"language-plain\"># \u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7GPU\u5229\u7528\u7387nvidia-smi dmon -s u -d 1# \u9884\u671f\u6548\u679c\uff1a# - \u4f18\u5316\u524d\uff1aSM\u5229\u7528\u7387\u572870-85%\u95f4\u6ce2\u52a8\uff08CPU\u74f6\u9888\uff09# - \u4f18\u5316\u540e\uff1aSM\u5229\u7528\u7387\u7a33\u5b9a\u572890-95%\u4ee5\u4e0a<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul id=\"code_id_11\" class=\"pre-numbering\">\n<li>1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"toolbar\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h4>4.2 \u91cf\u5316\u6536\u76ca\u8bc4\u4f30<\/h4>\n<table class=\"data-table\" data-transient-attributes=\"class\" data-width=\"677px\">\n<colgroup data-id=\"c7104f7d-P073AnJv\">\n<col span=\"1\" width=\"169.25\" data-id=\"cd89ecb0-0NVDNlPr\" \/>\n<col span=\"1\" width=\"169.25\" data-id=\"cd89ecb0-9Tl5NVOn\" \/>\n<col span=\"1\" width=\"169.25\" data-id=\"cd89ecb0-EdZ5PgJD\" \/>\n<col span=\"1\" width=\"169.25\" data-id=\"cd89ecb0-yD3012nU\" \/><\/colgroup>\n<tbody data-id=\"t6d5e859-gKUDXhU1\">\n<tr data-id=\"t31e458f-F1Qt4AUc\">\n<td data-id=\"t8c0e6ab-mKUqY5ti\" data-transient-attributes=\"table-cell-selection\">\u6307\u6807<\/td>\n<td data-id=\"t8c0e6ab-5s1nnoXl\" data-transient-attributes=\"table-cell-selection\">\u4f18\u5316\u524d\u5178\u578b\u503c<\/td>\n<td data-id=\"t8c0e6ab-oGQbDMyE\" data-transient-attributes=\"table-cell-selection\">\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u5178\u578b\u503c<\/td>\n<td class=\"table-last-row\" data-id=\"t8c0e6ab-vUHjj1zS\" data-transient-attributes=\"table-cell-selection\">\u8bf4\u660e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-id=\"t31e458f-trr3nnus\">\n<td data-id=\"t8c0e6ab-uR2DI6OS\" data-transient-attributes=\"table-cell-selection\">GPU SM\u5229\u7528\u7387<\/td>\n<td data-id=\"t8c0e6ab-6ZVjaj1W\" data-transient-attributes=\"table-cell-selection\">70-85% (\u6ce2\u52a8)<\/td>\n<td data-id=\"t8c0e6ab-3Yqn5PII\" data-transient-attributes=\"table-cell-selection\">90-95%+ (\u7a33\u5b9a)<\/td>\n<td class=\"table-last-row\" data-id=\"t8c0e6ab-hsWMl5Bi\" data-transient-attributes=\"table-cell-selection\">\u6838\u5fc3\u6536\u76ca\u6307\u6807<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-id=\"t31e458f-n1rlZvxd\">\n<td data-id=\"t8c0e6ab-aqjf3cVo\" data-transient-attributes=\"table-cell-selection\">\u7b97\u5b50\u4e0b\u53d1\u5ef6\u8fdf<\/td>\n<td data-id=\"t8c0e6ab-l1vzXyS7\" data-transient-attributes=\"table-cell-selection\">\u9ad8\u4e14\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4<\/td>\n<td data-id=\"t8c0e6ab-k7O8UCJL\" data-transient-attributes=\"table-cell-selection\">\u4f4e\u4e14\u7a33\u5b9a<\/td>\n<td class=\"table-last-row\" data-id=\"t8c0e6ab-vdg8XuKM\" data-transient-attributes=\"table-cell-selection\">\u8de8NUMA\u8bbf\u95ee\u6d88\u9664<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-id=\"t31e458f-AinrjfJV\">\n<td data-id=\"t8c0e6ab-atM70e7g\" data-transient-attributes=\"table-cell-selection\">\u591a\u5361\u8c03\u5ea6\u4e00\u81f4\u6027<\/td>\n<td data-id=\"t8c0e6ab-o2jDiKfl\" data-transient-attributes=\"table-cell-selection\">\u5dee\u5f02\u660e\u663e<\/td>\n<td data-id=\"t8c0e6ab-0xY9CrcN\" data-transient-attributes=\"table-cell-selection\">\u6574\u9f50\u5212\u4e00<\/td>\n<td class=\"table-last-row\" data-id=\"t8c0e6ab-l5NK2HJk\" data-transient-attributes=\"table-cell-selection\">\u51cf\u5c11&#8221;\u5feb\u6162\u5361&#8221;\u95ee\u9898<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-id=\"t31e458f-De1bKAxA\">\n<td class=\"table-last-column\" data-id=\"t8c0e6ab-nVT0SThU\" data-transient-attributes=\"table-cell-selection\">\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u6027\u80fd<\/td>\n<td class=\"table-last-column\" data-id=\"t8c0e6ab-CDUFGqXx\" data-transient-attributes=\"table-cell-selection\">\u57fa\u7ebf<\/td>\n<td class=\"table-last-column\" data-id=\"t8c0e6ab-V4dSO5Hj\" data-transient-attributes=\"table-cell-selection\">+6%~10%<\/td>\n<td class=\"table-last-column table-last-row\" data-id=\"t8c0e6ab-aMzjbvqx\" data-transient-attributes=\"table-cell-selection\">GROMACS\u5b9e\u6d4b\u63d0\u534710%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>4.3 \u9ad8\u7ea7\u6027\u80fd\u5206\u6790<\/h4>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528Intel VTune\u6216Nsight Systems\u6df1\u5165\u5206\u6790\uff1a<\/p>\n<div>\n<div class=\"hljs-cto\">\n<div class=\"hljs-cto\"><button class=\"copy_btn disable\" data-clipboard-target=\"#code_id_12\">\u590d\u5236<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"code-toolbar\">\n<pre class=\"has-pre-numbering language-plain\" tabindex=\"0\"><code class=\"language-plain\"># Nsight Systems\u5168\u7a0bprofilingnsys profile --gpu-metrics-devices=all python train.py# \u5206\u6790CUDA API\u8c03\u7528\u7edf\u8ba1nsys stats --report cuda_api_sum baseline.nsys-rep<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul id=\"code_id_12\" class=\"pre-numbering\">\n<li>1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"toolbar\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7ed1\u6838\u524d\u540e\u7684CUDA API\u8c03\u7528\u8017\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cf\u5316launch overhead\u7684\u964d\u4f4e\u5e45\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u4e94\u3001\u5feb\u901f\u51b3\u7b56\u6307\u5357<\/h3>\n<h4>\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u5fc5\u987b\u505a\u7ed1\u6838\uff1f<\/h4>\n<ul data-id=\"ua73dd4b-UHREgneF\">\n<li data-id=\"ld70c578-ijssPgdE\">\u2705 \u591a\u5361\u8bad\u7ec3\uff08\u8de8GPU\u901a\u4fe1\u9891\u7e41\uff09<\/li>\n<li data-id=\"ld70c578-Q3u6EHAt\">\u2705 \u5c0fkernel\u5bc6\u96c6\u573a\u666f\uff08launch overhead\u5360\u6bd4\u9ad8\uff09<\/li>\n<li data-id=\"ld70c578-jXMUtNua\">\u2705 GPU\u5229\u7528\u7387\u4f4e\u4e8e80%<\/li>\n<li data-id=\"ld70c578-BjUihep0\">\u2705 \u591a\u5361\u8c03\u5ea6\u51fa\u73b0\u660e\u663e\u7684&#8221;\u5feb\u6162\u5361&#8221;\u73b0\u8c61<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u8003\u8651\u5173\u6838\uff1f<\/h4>\n<ul data-id=\"ua73dd4b-MbifxMk3\">\n<li data-id=\"ld70c578-T89vwMb8\">\u2705 \u5bf9\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6296\u52a8\u6709\u6781\u81f4\u8981\u6c42\uff08\u5b9e\u65f6\u63a8\u7406\uff09<\/li>\n<li data-id=\"ld70c578-MQzL9A8W\">\u2705 \u6027\u80fd\u8c03\u4f18\u5df2\u5230\u74f6\u9888\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u69a8\u5e72\u6700\u540e10%<\/li>\n<li data-id=\"ld70c578-g9hgTjp4\">\u2705 \u591a\u79df\u6237\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u9694\u79bb\u5e72\u6270<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u4e0d\u5fc5\u505a\uff1f<\/h4>\n<ul data-id=\"ua73dd4b-viF7exDC\">\n<li data-id=\"ld70c578-5dq3gsGY\">\u274c \u5355\u5361\u3001\u5927kernel\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97bound\u573a\u666f\uff08GPU\u5229\u7528\u7387\u5df2&gt;95%\uff09<\/li>\n<li data-id=\"ld70c578-zfdU2zin\">\u274c \u4e34\u65f6\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883<\/li>\n<li data-id=\"ld70c578-tIC2ekiU\">\u274c \u5bb9\u5668\u5316\u90e8\u7f72\u4f46\u672a\u914d\u7f6eNUMA\u611f\u77e5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7ed1\u6838\u548c\u5173\u6838\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u786c\u4ef6\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c<strong>\u4e3aGPU\u5e94\u7528&#8221;\u5708\u5b9a&#8221;\u4e00\u5757\u4e13\u5c5e\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u9886\u5730<\/strong>\u3002\u7ed1\u6838\u786e\u4fddCPU\u6838\u5fc3\u4e0eGPU\u5728\u7269\u7406\u4e0a&#8221;\u5c31\u8fd1&#8221;\uff0c\u5173\u6838\u5219\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u786e\u4fdd\u8fd9\u5757\u9886\u5730\u4e0d\u88ab&#8221;\u5916\u4eba&#8221;\u6253\u6270\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6d88\u9664Host Bound\u74f6\u9888\uff0c\u8ba9GPU\u771f\u6b63\u8dd1\u6ee1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u6587\u7ae0\u6765\u81ea\uff1a51CTO<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p id=\"pvc_stats_29465\" 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