{"id":581,"date":"2021-09-01T16:41:47","date_gmt":"2021-09-01T08:41:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aif.amtbbs.org\/?p=581"},"modified":"2021-09-01T16:41:47","modified_gmt":"2021-09-01T08:41:47","slug":"%e4%be%af%e4%b8%96%e8%be%be%ef%bc%9a%e8%ae%a9%e6%9c%ba%e5%99%a8%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%e6%80%9d%e8%80%83%e7%9a%84%e4%ba%ba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aif.amtbbs.org\/index.php\/2021\/09\/01\/581\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4faf\u4e16\u8fbe\uff1a\u8ba9\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u601d\u8003\u7684\u4eba"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u6587\/James Somers<\/p>\n<p>\u539f\u6587\/www.theatlantic.com\/magazine\/archive\/2013\/11\/the-man-who-would-teach-machines-to-think\/309529\/<\/p>\n<p>\u8bd1\u6587\u539f\u8f7d\u4e8e\u300a\u65b0\u77e5\u300b\u6742\u5fd7<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-583\" src=\"https:\/\/aif.amtbbs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/4ffce04d92a4d6cb21c1494cdfcd6dc1.jpg\" width=\"720\" height=\"405\" alt=\"\u56fe\u7247\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aiforumimage.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/4ffce04d92a4d6cb21c1494cdfcd6dc1.jpg 720w, https:\/\/aiforumimage.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/4ffce04d92a4d6cb21c1494cdfcd6dc1-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u56fe\u6e90\uff1aGREG RUFFING<\/p>\n<p>\u4faf\u4e16\u8fbe\uff08Douglas 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James\uff09\u57281890\u5e74\u65f6\u66fe\u5c06\u601d\u8003\u5f62\u5bb9\u4e3a\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u201d\u2014\u2014<\/strong><strong>\u610f\u8bc6\u600e\u4e48\u4f1a\u662f\u6709\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u90a3\u51e0\u78c5\u91cd\u7684\u7070\u8d28\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u51b3\u5b9a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u5462\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-584\" src=\"https:\/\/aif.amtbbs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/4ffce04d92a4d6cb21c1494cdfcd6dc1-1.jpg\" width=\"685\" height=\"514\" alt=\"\u56fe\u7247\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aiforumimage.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/4ffce04d92a4d6cb21c1494cdfcd6dc1-1.jpg 685w, https:\/\/aiforumimage.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/4ffce04d92a4d6cb21c1494cdfcd6dc1-1-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 685px) 100vw, 685px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u54e5\u5fb7\u5c14\uff081906-1978\uff09\u3002\u56fe\u6e90\uff1aEncyclopedia Britannica<\/p>\n<p>\u9a7e\u9a76\u7740\u4ed6\u76841956\u5e74\u798f\u7279\u6c34\u661f\u56db\u5904\u6e38\u8361\u65f6\uff0c\u4faf\u4e16\u8fbe\u89c9\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u7b54\u6848\u2014\u2014\u7b54\u6848\u5c31\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b66\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u91cc\u30021931\u5e74\uff0c\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u5965\u5730\u5229\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e93\u5c14\u7279\u00b7\u54e5\u5fb7\u5c14\uff08Kurt 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loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-585\" src=\"https:\/\/aif.amtbbs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/4ffce04d92a4d6cb21c1494cdfcd6dc1-2.jpg\" width=\"666\" height=\"1024\" alt=\"\u56fe\u7247\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aiforumimage.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/4ffce04d92a4d6cb21c1494cdfcd6dc1-2.jpg 666w, https:\/\/aiforumimage.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/4ffce04d92a4d6cb21c1494cdfcd6dc1-2-195x300.jpg 195w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 666px) 100vw, 666px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u56fe\u6e90\uff1aEvolving Lens Bookseller<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u53c8\u53eb\u300aGEB\u300b\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u8f70\u52a8\u3002\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u300b\u7684\u77e5\u540d\u4e13\u680f\u4f5c\u5bb6\u9a6c\u4e01\u00b7\u52a0\u5fb7\u7eb3\uff08Martin Gardner\uff09\u57281979\u5e747\u6708\u520a\u4e2d\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u70ed\u60c5\u6d0b\u6ea2\u7684\u4e66\u8bc4\uff0c\u201c\u6bcf\u9694\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u201d\u52a0\u5fb7\u7eb3\u5728\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u5f00\u5934\u5982\u6b64\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u5c31\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e0d\u89c1\u7ecf\u4f20\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u672c\u6df1\u523b\u3001\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u4e30\u5bcc\u3001\u673a\u667a\u3001\u4f18\u7f8e\u53c8\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u4e66\uff0c\u7acb\u523b\u5f97\u5230\u6587\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\u3002\u201d\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u970d\u5170\u5fb7\uff08John Holland\uff09\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u83b7\u5f97\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u56de\u5fc6\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u5f53\u65f6\u6211\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u4e86\u4e0d\u8d77\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u300aGEB\u300b\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u88ab\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u754c\u5949\u4e3a\u5723\u7ecf\u3002\u4faf\u4e16\u8fbe\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u6709\u521b\u9020\u529b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a2\u7d22\u201c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5927\u8111\u5982\u7535\u8111\u8f6f\u4ef6\u822c\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u6784\u9020\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb\u548c\u84dd\u56fe\u4e5f\u4e3a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u6574\u6574\u4e00\u4ee3\u5145\u6ee1\u70ed\u5ff1\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u53d1\u751f\u6539\u53d8\u65f6\uff0c\u4faf\u4e16\u8fbe\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u8ddf\u7740\u53d8\uff0c\u4ed6\u51e0\u4e4e\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u300aGEB\u300b\u7684\u95ee\u4e16\u6070\u597d\u8d76\u4e0a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u62d0\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u95e8\u5b66\u79d1\u7efc\u5408\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7b49\u591a\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c<strong>\u5b83\u6b63\u9762\u4e34\u8d44\u52a9\u7d27\u7f29\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u4e8e\u957f\u671f\u201c\u57fa\u7840\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u6295\u5165\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5c11\uff0c\u91cd\u5fc3\u90fd\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u4e86\u66f4\u5177\u5b9e\u7528\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u9886\u57df\u3002\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u56e0\u5176\u201c\u96c4\u5fc3\u52c3\u52c3\u201d\u800c\u540d\u58f0\u4e0d\u597d\u3002<\/strong>\u56de\u52301956\u5e74\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u8d77\u6b65\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u77aa\u5927\u773c\u775b\u5938\u5938\u5176\u8c08\u7684\u60c5\u666f\u5f88\u5e38\u89c1\u3002\u5f53\u5e74\u7684\u8fbe\u7279\u77db\u65af\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8005\u4eec\u2014\u2014\u5305\u62ec\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u9ea6\u5361\u9521\uff08John McCarthy\uff09\u2014\u2014\u5ba3\u5e03\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u7fa4\u7cbe\u5fc3\u6311\u9009\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5171\u540c\u52aa\u529b\u4e00\u4e2a\u590f\u5929\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u5f97\u5f88\u5927\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u5236\u9020\u51fa\u62e5\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e00\u79cd\u6216\u591a\u79cd\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u673a\u5668\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff1b\u5f62\u6210\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff1b\u89e3\u51b3\u76ee\u524d\u53ea\u80fd\u7531\u4eba\u7c7b\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff1b\u81ea\u6211\u63d0\u5347\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u9ea6\u5361\u9521\u540e\u6765\u56de\u5fc6\u8d77\u4ed6\u4eec\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u8bf4\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6bd4\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u8981\u96be\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u968f\u7740\u51b7\u6218\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u538b\u529b\u65e5\u6e10\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7ecf\u8d39\u6765\u6e90\u2014\u2014\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7814\u7a76\u8ba1\u5212\u5c40\uff08ARPA\uff09\u2014\u2014\u7f29\u51cf\u4e86\u5f00\u652f\u3002<\/strong>1969\u5e74\uff0c\u56fd\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u300a\u66fc\u65af\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u300b\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\u53ea\u80fd\u652f\u6301\u201c\u4e0e\u519b\u4e8b\u8fd0\u4f5c\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u548c\u660e\u663e\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u201d\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u52301972\u5e74\uff0c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7814\u7a76\u8ba1\u5212\u5c40\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7814\u7a76\u8ba1\u5212\u5c40\uff08DARPA\uff09\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u5bf9\u519b\u4e8b\u76f8\u5173\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u3002<strong>\u5230\u4e86\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8ba1\u5212\u5c40\u4e5f\u5728\u53cd\u7701\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u5341\u5e74\u95f4\u82b1\u4e86\u4e94\u5343\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u652f\u6301\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u56fd\u9632\u5de5\u4f5c\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f5c\u7528\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u963f\u5170\u00b7\u56fe\u7075\uff08Alan Turing\uff09\u7684\u8457\u540d\u95ee\u9898\u2014\u2014\u201c<strong>\u673a\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u601d\u8003\u5417<\/strong>\uff1f\u201d\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5b66\u754c\u4e00\u76f4\u8bd5\u56fe\u7ed9\u51fa\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u8feb\u5207\u60f3\u8981\u4ea4\u51fa\u4e00\u4efd\u7b54\u5377\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5f00\u59cb\u6210\u719f\u4e86\u2014\u2014\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u4e86\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b50\u9886\u57df\u3002\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u77ed\u671f\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u505a\u7814\u53d1\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8111\u6d77\u4e2d\u5f80\u5f80\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e86\u660e\u786e\u7684\u4e70\u5bb6\u3002\u5bf9\u519b\u65b9\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6700\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u201d\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6218\u6597\u673a\u4e0a\u7684\u98de\u884c\u5bfc\u822a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u822a\u62cd\u65f6\u80fd\u81ea\u52a8\u8bc6\u522b\u9053\u8def\u3001\u6865\u6881\u3001\u5766\u514b\u548c\u53d1\u5c04\u4e95\u7b49\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5728\u6c11\u7528\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u6700\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u662f\u201c\u4e13\u5bb6\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\uff08\u7f16\u8005\u6ce8\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u9886\u57df\u5185\u5177\u6709\u4e13\u5bb6\u6c34\u5e73\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8fd0\u7528\u4e13\u5bb6\u591a\u5e74\u79ef\u7d2f\u7684\u6709\u6548\u7ecf\u9a8c\u548c\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6a21\u62df\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u9700\u8981\u4e13\u5bb6\u624d\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e08\u9009\u62e9\u6253\u5730\u57fa\u7684\u6750\u6599\u7684\u201c\u6869\u67f1\u9009\u62e9\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709ACE\u4e13\u5bb6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08Automated Cable Expertise\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u7535\u8bdd\u7535\u62a5\u7f51\u7edc\u6545\u969c\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u4fee\u5e76\u63a8\u8350\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u300aGEB\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u4faf\u4e16\u8fbe\u547c\u5401\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u8981\u6267\u7740\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u8ba9\u673a\u5668\u806a\u660e\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u66f4\u591a\u5173\u6ce8\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u5e26\u4e0d\u6765\u4ec0\u4e48\u6536\u76ca\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c31\u88ab\u629b\u5f03\u4e86\u3002<\/strong>\u4ed6\u7684\u660e\u661f\u5149\u73af\u4e5f\u5f88\u5feb\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u8fce\u6765\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff1a\u8ba9\u673a\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u7f54\u987e\u7cbe\u795e\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u5408\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-586\" src=\"https:\/\/aif.amtbbs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/4ffce04d92a4d6cb21c1494cdfcd6dc1-3.jpg\" width=\"937\" height=\"528\" alt=\"\u56fe\u7247\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aiforumimage.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/4ffce04d92a4d6cb21c1494cdfcd6dc1-3.jpg 937w, https:\/\/aiforumimage.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/4ffce04d92a4d6cb21c1494cdfcd6dc1-3-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/aiforumimage.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/4ffce04d92a4d6cb21c1494cdfcd6dc1-3-768x433.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 937px) 100vw, 937px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u56fe\u6e90\uff1aPublic Radio International<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5IBM\u7684\u8d85\u7ea7\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6df1\u84dd\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5b83\u867d\u7136\u51fb\u8d25\u4e86\u56fd\u9645\u8c61\u68cb\u5927\u5e08\u52a0\u91cc\u00b7\u5361\u65af\u5e15\u7f57\u592b\uff08Garry 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Russell\uff09\u548c\u5f7c\u5f97\u00b7\u8bfa\u7ef4\u683c\uff08Peter 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loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-587\" src=\"https:\/\/aif.amtbbs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/4ffce04d92a4d6cb21c1494cdfcd6dc1.gif\" width=\"688\" height=\"434\" alt=\"\u56fe\u7247\" 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loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-589\" src=\"https:\/\/aif.amtbbs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/4ffce04d92a4d6cb21c1494cdfcd6dc1-5.jpg\" width=\"600\" height=\"399\" alt=\"\u56fe\u7247\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aiforumimage.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/4ffce04d92a4d6cb21c1494cdfcd6dc1-5.jpg 600w, https:\/\/aiforumimage.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/4ffce04d92a4d6cb21c1494cdfcd6dc1-5-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u56fe\u6e90\uff1aRod 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Jones\uff09\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u6bd4\u5982\u4ed6\u7279\u522b\u8ba8\u538c\u6709\u4eba\u8bf4\u4f19\u8ba1\u4eec\uff08you guys\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8981\u8ddf\u4ed6\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u522b\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u4e09\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u4faf\u4e16\u8fbe\u90fd\u5728\u5e03\u9c81\u660e\u987f\u7684\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u7eb3\u5927\u5b66\u5f53\u6559\u6388\u3002\u53bb\u5e74\u4e5d\u6708\u4ed6\u53c8\u7ed3\u5a5a\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0e\u59bb\u5b50\u6797\u5b9d\u82ac\uff08Baofen Lin\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u4f4f\u5728\u8ddd\u79bb\u6821\u56ed\u51e0\u4e2a\u8857\u533a\u7684\u4e00\u680b\u623f\u5b50\u91cc\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0e\u4e0a\u4e00\u4efb\u59bb\u5b50\u6240\u751f\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u4e39\u5c3c\uff08Danny\uff09\u548c\u83ab\u59ae\u5361 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error\uff09\u3002<\/strong><strong>\u4ece\u5c11\u5e74\u65f6\u4ee3\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u4ed6\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u5927\u7ea6\u4e00\u4e07\u4e2a\u53e3\u8bef\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c<\/strong>\u5305\u62ec\u53d1\u97f3\u7f6e\u6362\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5c06hypodermic needle\uff08\u76ae\u4e0b\u6ce8\u5c04\u7684\u9488\uff09\u53d1\u6210hypodeemic nerdle\uff1b\u8fd8\u6709\u8352\u5510\u7684\u8fd1\u97f3\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u628aruns the gambit\uff08\u7ecf\u8425\u7b56\u7565\uff09\u53d1\u6210runs the gamut\uff08\u5168\u90e8\u5c55\u793a\uff09\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u8c1a\u8bed\u6742\u7cc5\u201d\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982easy-go-lucky\u5c31\u662fhappy-go-lucky\uff08\u65e0\u5fe7\u65e0\u8651\uff09\u548ceasy-going\uff08\u6027\u60c5\u968f\u548c\uff09\u7684\u6742\u7cc5\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u6b64\u7c7b\u3002\u91cc\u9762\u4e00\u534a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u53e3\u8bef\u90fd\u662f\u4faf\u4e16\u8fbe\u81ea\u5df1\u72af\u4e0b\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u628a\u7b14\u8bb0\u672c\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u7eb8\u590d\u5370\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u526a\u597d\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u4e66\u623f\u7684\u6863\u6848\u67dc\u6216\u8d34\u4e86\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u76d2\u5b50\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4faf\u4e16\u8fbe\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u7ebf\u7d22\u3002\u201c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e0b\u610f\u8bc6\u601d\u7ef4\uff0c\u8c01\u8bf4\u7684\u8bdd\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\uff0c\u201d\u4ed6\u66fe\u7ecf\u8fd9\u4e48\u5199\u9053\uff0c<strong>\u201c\u6240\u4ee5\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6536\u96c6\u9519\u8bef\u5c31\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u82e5\u53ea\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u601d\u7ef4\u673a\u5236\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\u89c4\u5f8b\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6536\u96c6\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u6d77\u91cf\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u52a0\u8d77\u6765\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u6216\u8005\u5426\u5b9a\u67d0\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u3002\u201d<\/strong>\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u6ca1\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u6f14\u6210\u529f\u7684\u9b54\u672f\u2014\u2014\u6548\u679c\u5f88\u597d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6a21\u7cca\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u7126\u70b9\uff0c\u8ba9\u4eba\u4eec\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5965\u79d8\u3002\u4faf\u4e16\u8fbe\u5728\u5bfb\u627e\u7684\u662f\u201c\u5154\u8033\u6735\u548c\u6d3b\u677f\u95e8\u7684\u4e00\u89d2\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-590\" src=\"https:\/\/aif.amtbbs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/4ffce04d92a4d6cb21c1494cdfcd6dc1-6.jpg\" width=\"816\" height=\"900\" alt=\"\u56fe\u7247\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aiforumimage.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/4ffce04d92a4d6cb21c1494cdfcd6dc1-6.jpg 816w, https:\/\/aiforumimage.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/4ffce04d92a4d6cb21c1494cdfcd6dc1-6-272x300.jpg 272w, https:\/\/aiforumimage.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/4ffce04d92a4d6cb21c1494cdfcd6dc1-6-768x847.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 816px) 100vw, 816px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u7f8e\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5a01\u5ec9\u59c6\u00b7\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u3002\u56fe\u6e90\uff1aThe Conversation<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u8c13\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u5a01\u5ec9\u59c6\u00b7\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u3002\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u57281890\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u300a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u300b\uff0c\u4ee5\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u5185\u7701\uff08\u4ed6\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u610f\u8bc6\u6d41\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff09\u548c\u5229\u843d\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u800c\u88ab\u5949\u4e3a\u7ecf\u5178\u3002<strong>\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u601d\u8003\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u4f1a\u6c38\u8fdc\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u518d\u4e5f\u627e\u4e0d\u56de\u6765\uff0c\u201d\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u662f\u8fd9\u4e48\u5199\u7684\uff0c\u201c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u628a\u9910\u684c\u4e0a\u6389\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u788e\u5c51\u6536\u96c6\u4e86\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u201d<\/strong>\u5c31\u50cf\u4faf\u4e16\u8fbe\uff0c\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u4e5f\u4e50\u4e8e\u5728\u9910\u684c\u4e0b\u73a9\u800d\uff0c\u6109\u5feb\u5730\u68c0\u67e5\u7740\u90a3\u4e9b\u788e\u5c51\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u751f\u3002\u5dee\u522b\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u8089\u773c\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u800c\u4faf\u4e16\u8fbe\u5219\u62e5\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5c06\u98de\u673a\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u5f52\u529f\u4e8e\u83b1\u7279\u5144\u5f1f\u5728\u57fa\u8482\u970d\u514b\u7684\u6ed1\u7fd4\u8bd5\u98de\uff0c\u800c\u5f52\u529f\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u81ea\u884c\u8f66\u5e97\u91cc\u7528\u5e9f\u5f03\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u548c\u65e7\u8f6e\u8f90\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u516d\u82f1\u5c3a\u9ad8\u7684\u98ce\u6d1e\u3002\u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u8005\u5168\u529b\u4ee5\u8d74\u5730\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6709\u5173\u5b89\u88c5\u7fc5\u8180\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u65f6\uff0c\u83b1\u7279\u5144\u5f1f\u6b63\u5728\u7528\u6781\u5c11\u7684\u94b1\u8fdb\u884c\u7a7a\u6c14\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4f20\u8bb0\u4f5c\u8005\u5f17\u96f7\u5fb7\u00b7\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\uff08Fred Howard\uff09\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u662f\u201c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e48\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u7528\u8fd9\u4e48\u5c11\u7684\u6750\u6599\u3001\u8fd9\u4e48\u5fae\u8584\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u505a\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u6700\u5173\u952e\u3001\u6700\u6709\u6210\u679c\u7684\u822a\u7a7a\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e86\u201d \u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5e03\u9c81\u660e\u987f\u5317\u98de\u65af\u5927\u8857\u4e0a\u6709\u4e00\u680b\u65e7\u623f\u5b50\uff0c\u4faf\u4e16\u8fbe\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u4e3b\u6301\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u7c7b\u6bd4\u7814\u7a76\u5c0f\u7ec4\uff08Fluid Analogies Research Group\uff0cFARG\uff09\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u6bcf\u5e74\u7684\u7ecf\u8d39\u662f\u5341\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u623f\u5b50\u5e03\u7f6e\u5f97\u5f88\u6e29\u99a8\u2014\u2014\u5728\u91cc\u9762\u8d70\u4e00\u5708\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0d\u5230\u98df\u54c1\u50a8\u5b58\u5ba4\u91cc\u653e\u7740\u7684\u6863\u6848\u67dc\uff0c\u5ba2\u5385\u91cc\u55e1\u55e1\u4f5c\u54cd\u7684\u590d\u5370\u673a\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e66\u67b6\u4e0a\u8d34\u7740\u7684\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u5f0f\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\uff08\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u6570\u5b66\u3001\u77e5\u89c9\uff09\u3002\u4f4625\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u4e00\u76f4\u6d0b\u6ea2\u7740\u6fc0\u60c5\uff0c\u4faf\u4e16\u8fbe\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u9996\u5148\u662f\u63a2\u7d22\u521b\u9020\u529b\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\uff1b\u7136\u540e\u63ed\u5f00\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u9762\u7eb1\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5bf9\u4e8eFARG\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u98ce\u6d1e\u5bf9\u4e8e\u83b1\u7279\u5144\u5f1f\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u7a0d\u7eb5\u5373\u901d\u7684\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u6df7\u6c8c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\u6162\u64ad\u3001\u56de\u653e\u3001\u6682\u505c\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u7f16\u8f91\u3002<\/strong>\u5728\u4faf\u4e16\u8fbe\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7edd\u4f73\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206\u5265\u79bb\uff0c\u770b\u770b\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f1a\u7ed9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5e26\u6765\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff1b\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u4e00\u4e0b\u53c2\u91cf\uff0c\u770b\u770b\u5927\u8111\u8fd0\u4f5c\u662f\u4f1a\u52a0\u5f3a\u8fd8\u662f\u51cf\u5f31\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7535\u8111\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u8ba9\u4f60\u60ca\u8bb6\u2014\u2014\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u53d8\u5f97\u7279\u522b\u6709\u521b\u9020\u6027\u6216\u8005\u7279\u522b\u8822\u2014\u2014\u4f60\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u5177\u4f53\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u201c\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u89c9\u5f97\u8ba9\u4eba\u7c7b\u5f7b\u5e95\u660e\u767d\u601d\u7ef4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u201d\u4faf\u4e16\u8fbe\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u7535\u8111\u4e0a\u5efa\u7acb\u601d\u7ef4\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u6765\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u90fd\u6709\u540c\u6837\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u7ed3\u6784\u2014\u2014\u7ec4\u6210\u548c\u6574\u4f53\u98ce\u683c\u90fd\u6e90\u4e8e\u4faf\u4e16\u8fbe\u57281982\u5e74\u5199\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8fJumbo\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u62a5\u7eb8\u4e0a\u7684\u586b\u5b57\u6e38\u620f\u3002\uff08\u7f16\u8005\u6ce8\uff1a\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u6e38\u620f\u91cc\uff0c\u5355\u8bcd\u91cc\u5b57\u6bcd\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u73a9\u5bb6\u8981\u627e\u5230\u539f\u6765\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c45\u7136\u662f\u7528\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u62a5\u7eb8\u586b\u5b57\u6e38\u620f\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u53cd\u5e94\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\uff0c\u672a\u514d\u592a\u5927\u6750\u5c0f\u7528\u4e86\u5427\uff1f\u7684\u786e\u5982\u6b64\u2014\u2014\u6211\u521a\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8db3\u4ee5\u5e94\u4ed8\u6240\u6709\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u82b1\u4e86\u56db\u5206\u949f\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u6211\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\uff1a\u7f57\u5217\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u6392\u5217\u7ec4\u5408\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u53d1\u73b0\u5b57\u5178\u91cc\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4faf\u4e16\u8fbe\u82b1\u4e86\u4e24\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u7f16\u5199Jumbo\uff1a\u4ed6\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u5728\u586b\u5b57\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5927\u8111\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u89c2\u5bdf\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u3002\u201c\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u5b57\u6bcd\u5728\u6211\u7684\u8111\u6d77\u91cc\u6253\u8f6c\uff0c\u201d\u4ed6\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\uff0c\u201c\u5b83\u4eec\u8df3\u6765\u8df3\u53bb\uff0c\u7ec4\u5408\u3001\u5206\u5f00\u3001\u53c8\u518d\u6b21\u7ec4\u5408\u3002\u6211\u6ca1\u6709\u64cd\u63a7\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u6392\u5217\u7ec4\u5408\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u52aa\u529b\u81ea\u5df1\u505a\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u4faf\u4e16\u8fbe\u8bf4\uff0cJumbo\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u7ed3\u6784\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u6a21\u4eff\u751f\u7269\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u5b57\u6bcd\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u4e0e\u5206\u88c2\u662f\u5728\u201c\u9176\u201d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002\u6709\u7684\u201c\u9176\u201d\u8d1f\u8d23\u5bf9\u5b57\u6bcd\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u65b0\u6392\u5e8f\uff08pang-loss\u53d8\u6210pan-gloss\u6216\u8005lang-poss\uff09,\u6709\u7684\u5219\u8d1f\u8d23\u8fde\u63a5\uff08g\u548ch\u7ec4\u6210gh\uff0cjum\u548cble\u7ec4\u6210jumble\uff09,\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5219\u8d1f\u8d23\u62c6\u5206\uff08ight\u88ab\u62c6\u5206\u6210it\u548cgh\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fd0\u7b97\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u4e4b\u5904\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u3002<strong>\u4faf\u4e16\u8fbe\u53c8\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u6bd4\uff1a\u4e00\u5927\u7fa4\u8682\u8681\u6b63\u5728\u68ee\u6797\u4e2d\u6f2b\u6b65\uff0c\u4e00\u5c0f\u64ae\u4fa6\u5bdf\u5175\u5148\u56db\u5904\u67e5\u63a2\u4e00\u756a\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5411\u5c0f\u7ec4\u62a5\u544a\u53d1\u73b0\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5e2e\u52a9\u8681\u7fa4\u627e\u5230\u98df\u7269\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8681\u7fa4\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u6d3b\u529b\u7684\u2014\u2014\u8e29\u6b7b\u4e00\u5c0f\u64ae\u8682\u8681\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u8682\u8681\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u4f1a\u8865\u4e0a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-591\" src=\"https:\/\/aif.amtbbs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/4ffce04d92a4d6cb21c1494cdfcd6dc1-7.jpg\" width=\"615\" height=\"413\" alt=\"\u56fe\u7247\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aiforumimage.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/4ffce04d92a4d6cb21c1494cdfcd6dc1-7.jpg 615w, https:\/\/aiforumimage.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/4ffce04d92a4d6cb21c1494cdfcd6dc1-7-300x201.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 615px) 100vw, 615px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u56fe\u6e90\uff1aThe Atlantic<\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u7406\u5ff5\u548c\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7c7b\u6bd4\uff1a\u601d\u7ef4\u57fa\u672c\u673a\u5236\u7684\u7535\u8111\u6a21\u5f0f\u300b\uff08<em>Fluid Concepts And Creative Analogies<\/em>\uff0c\u7f16\u8005\u6ce8\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u516c\u53f8\u5356\u51fa\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ef6\u5546\u54c1\uff09\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6240\u7528\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u903b\u8f91\u548c\u673a\u5236\u3002\u8bfb\u4e00\u8bfb\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u89c9\u5f97\uff0c\u4faf\u4e16\u8fbe\u5e94\u8be5\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u800c\u51fa\u540d\u624d\u5bf9\u3002\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u66fe\u57281995\u5e74\u7684\u4e66\u8bc4\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u300a\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u7406\u5ff5\u548c\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7c7b\u6bd4\u300b\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u4f1a\u6000\u7591\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u7eb3\u5927\u5b66\u90a3\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7ec4\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5728\u505a\u4e00\u4ef6\u60ca\u5929\u52a8\u5730\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4f46\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u6216\u8005\u4e66\u91cc\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u8fde\u300aGEB\u300b\u7684\u5d07\u62dc\u8005\u4eec\u4e5f\u5927\u591a\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u90fd\u592a\u4e0d\u5b9e\u7528\u4e86\uff0c\u770b\u4f3c\u7410\u788e\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5e7c\u7a1a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u4eec\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u54ea\u4ef6\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u5b8c\u6210\u5f97\u6bd4\u4eba\u7c7b\u8981\u597d\u7684\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u6d41\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u4ece\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e5d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u81f3\u4eca\u4e00\u76f4\u7a33\u6b65\u524d\u8fdb\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d6\u5f97\u5546\u4e1a\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u8c01\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u9884\u6599\u5230\u7684\u60a0\u957f\u6625\u5929\uff0c\u800c\u6b64\u524d\u7684\u5bd2\u51ac\u5dee\u70b9\u8ba9\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u4e1a\u6d88\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9677\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u9000\u4e24\u96be\u7684\u7a98\u5883\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u4f1a\u5199\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e95\u7136\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u8bad\u7ec3\u6709\u7d20\u3001\u7b49\u7ea7\u68ee\u4e25\u7684\u519b\u961f\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u7ea7\u7684\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u7ed9\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ea7\u4e0b\u8fbe\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e5f\u90fd\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u5411\u5b50\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0b\u8fbe\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u6709\u9002\u5e94\u80fd\u529b\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u5c42\u5c42\u4e0b\u8fbe\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u4faf\u4e16\u8fbe\u66fe\u7ecf\u8fd9\u4e48\u603b\u7ed3\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u6240\u6709\u52aa\u529b\u6700\u7ec8\u90fd\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u514b\u670d\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u6b7b\u677f\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u754c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ca1\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u7ecf\u8d39\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u53c2\u52a0\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u53d1\u8868\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u89c1\u8bf8\u62a5\u7aef\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u6700\u6709\u524d\u9014\u7684\u201c\u4e13\u5bb6\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\u4e5f\u9762\u4e34\u574d\u584c\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u3002<strong>\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u770b\u6765\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff08\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u957f\u4e45\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u5723\u676f\u4e4b\u4e00\uff09\uff0c\u628a\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8005\u5173\u5230\u5c0f\u5c4b\u5b50\u91cc\uff0c\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u80fd\u591f\u660e\u767d\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6700\u7ec8\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u6b7b\u80e1\u540c\uff1a\u6ca1\u6709\u54ea\u4e00\u5957\u89c4\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u6db5\u76d6\u4e00\u95e8\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/strong>\u8bed\u8a00\u592a\u5e9e\u5927\u591a\u53d8\uff0c\u9075\u5faa\u4e00\u6761\u89c4\u5219\u5c31\u5fc5\u5b9a\u4f1a\u6253\u7834\u53e6\u4e00\u6761\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u8981\u8ba9\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u50cf\u5546\u4e1a\u516c\u53f8\u4e00\u6837\u5b58\u6d3b\u4e0b\u6765\u2014\u2014\u5982\u679c\u5e0c\u671b\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u80fd\u591f\u5b58\u6d3b\u4e0b\u6765\u2014\u2014\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u53e6\u8f9f\u8e4a\u5f84\u3002\u6700\u597d\u662f\uff0c\u6377\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u786e\u5e78\u5b58\u4e86\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u8f6c\u673a\u662f\u4ece1988\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u65f6IBM\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u53ebCandide\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7814\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u629b\u5f03\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u673a\u5668\u7684\u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class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p id=\"pvc_stats_581\" class=\"pvc_stats total_only  \" data-element-id=\"581\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" version=\"1.0\" viewBox=\"0 0 502 315\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\"><g transform=\"translate(0,332) scale(0.1,-0.1)\" fill=\"\" stroke=\"none\"><path d=\"M2394 3279 l-29 -30 -3 -207 c-2 -182 0 -211 15 -242 39 -76 157 -76 196 0 15 31 17 60 15 243 l-3 209 -33 29 c-26 23 -41 29 -80 29 -41 0 -53 -5 -78 -31z\"\/><path d=\"M3085 3251 c-45 -19 -58 -50 -96 -229 -47 -217 -49 -260 -13 -295 52 -53 146 -42 177 20 16 31 87 366 87 410 0 70 -86 122 -155 94z\"\/><path d=\"M1751 3234 c-13 -9 -29 -31 -37 -50 -12 -29 -10 -49 21 -204 19 -94 39 -189 45 -210 14 -50 54 -80 110 -80 34 0 48 6 76 34 21 21 34 44 34 59 0 14 -18 113 -40 219 -37 178 -43 195 -70 221 -36 32 -101 37 -139 11z\"\/><path d=\"M1163 3073 c-36 -7 -73 -59 -73 -102 0 -56 133 -378 171 -413 34 -32 83 -37 129 -13 70 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src=\"https:\/\/aif.amtbbs.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/page-views-count\/ajax-loader-2x.gif\" border=0 \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6587\/James Somers \u539f\u6587\/www.theatlantic.com\/magazine\/archive\/ [&hellip;]<\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p id=\"pvc_stats_581\" class=\"pvc_stats total_only  \" data-element-id=\"581\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" version=\"1.0\" viewBox=\"0 0 502 315\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\"><g transform=\"translate(0,332) scale(0.1,-0.1)\" fill=\"\" stroke=\"none\"><path d=\"M2394 3279 l-29 -30 -3 -207 c-2 -182 0 -211 15 -242 39 -76 157 -76 196 0 15 31 17 60 15 243 l-3 209 -33 29 c-26 23 -41 29 -80 29 -41 0 -53 -5 -78 -31z\"\/><path d=\"M3085 3251 c-45 -19 -58 -50 -96 -229 -47 -217 -49 -260 -13 -295 52 -53 146 -42 177 20 16 31 87 366 87 410 0 70 -86 122 -155 94z\"\/><path d=\"M1751 3234 c-13 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