{"id":582,"date":"2021-09-01T16:42:02","date_gmt":"2021-09-01T08:42:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aif.amtbbs.org\/?p=582"},"modified":"2021-09-01T16:42:02","modified_gmt":"2021-09-01T08:42:02","slug":"%e6%82%b2%e6%83%85%e5%a4%a9%e6%89%8dwalter-pitts-%e8%ae%a1%e7%ae%97%e7%a5%9e%e7%bb%8f%e5%ad%a6%e3%80%81%e6%8e%a7%e5%88%b6%e8%ae%ba%e5%92%8c%e4%ba%ba%e5%b7%a5%e6%99%ba%e8%83%bd%e7%9a%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aif.amtbbs.org\/index.php\/2021\/09\/01\/582\/","title":{"rendered":"\u60b2\u60c5\u5929\u624dWalter Pitts\u2014\u8ba1\u7b97\u795e\u7ecf\u5b66\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u8bde\u751f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u672c\u6587\u8f6c\u81ea\u667a\u80fd\u63a2\u7d22<\/p>\n<p>Walter Pitts\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u795e\u7ecf\u5b66\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5960\u57fa\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u5c0f\u88ab\u6b3a\u8d1f\u7684\u5929\u624d<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-595\" src=\"https:\/\/aif.amtbbs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/4ffce04d92a4d6cb21c1494cdfcd6dc1-8.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"440\" alt=\"\u56fe\u7247\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aiforumimage.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/4ffce04d92a4d6cb21c1494cdfcd6dc1-8.jpg 500w, https:\/\/aiforumimage.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/4ffce04d92a4d6cb21c1494cdfcd6dc1-8-300x264.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Pitts\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u5e95\u7279\u5f8b\u7684\u7a77\u4eba\u533a\u3002\u5bb6\u91cc\u90fd\u662f\u6587\u76f2\uff0c\u90bb\u5c45\u90fd\u662f\u6d41\u6c13\u3002\u4ed6\u7239\u4e00\u9047\u89c1\u70b9\u513f\u4e8b\u513f\u5c31\u52a8\u62f3\u5934\uff0cPitts\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u4e00\u8eab\u4f24\u3002\u66f4\u60e8\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8857\u4e0a\u7684\u5c0f\u7537\u5b69\u4eec\u90fd\u770b\u4ed6\u4e0d\u987a\u773c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e00\u51fa\u95e8\u5c31\u62a1\u62f3\u5934\u6253\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u5c0f\u4f53\u5f31\u53c8\u5185\u5411\u7684Pitts\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u907f\u96be\u6240\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u5bb6\u516c\u7acb\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u3002\u4ed6\u5e38\u5e38\u5728\u5b89\u9759\u7684\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u91cc\uff0c\u8eb2\u907f\u7740\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u65e0\u5c3d\u7684\u6076\u610f:\u00a0\u6bb4\u6253\uff0c\u66b4\u529b\uff0c\u4fae\u8fb1\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u8d2b\u7a77\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u65e0\u529b\u7684\u8f8d\u5b66\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u5b81\u9759\uff0c\u8fd8\u81ea\u5b66\u4e86\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\uff0c\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u548c\u6570\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7a81\u7136\u6709\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u4e66\u67b6\u4e0a\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u95ea\u95ea\u53d1\u5149\u7684Principia Mathematica\uff08\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\uff1a\u6570\u5b66\u539f\u7406\uff09\u3002Bertrand Russell \u548cAlfred Whitehead\u5171\u540c\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u5c06\u6570\u5b66\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u4e09\u5377\u5927\u90e8\u5934\u3002\u521a\u88ab\u6253\u7684\u660f\u5934\u80c0\u8111\u7684Pitts\uff0c\u5c31\u5750\u4e0b\u6765\u770b\u3002\u4e00\u8fde\u770b\u4e86\u4e09\u5929\uff0c\u6ca1\u5403\u6ca1\u559d\u6ca1\u51fa\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\uff0c\u628a\u4e09\u53772000\u591a\u9875\u8457\u4f5c\u5168\u90e8\u770b\u5b8c\u4e86\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u4e86N\u5904\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e94\u8be5\u544a\u77e5\u4f5c\u8005Russell\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5c31\u7ed9\u4ed6\u5199\u4fe1\u3002Russell\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e74\u4ec512\u5c81\u7684\u5c11\u5e74\u7ed9\u4ed6\u5199\u4fe1\uff0c\u5341\u5206\u60ca\u8bb6\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4ed6\u88ab\u6df1\u6df1\u89e6\u52a8\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u56de\u4e86\u4fe1\uff0c\u8fd8\u9080\u8bf7Pitts\u5230\u5251\u6865\u6765\u5f53\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800cPitts\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u4e0d\u61c2\u4ec0\u4e48\u53eb\u5251\u6865\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u53eb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\uff0c\u53cd\u6b63\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u8bb8\u4ed6\u53bb\uff0c\u4e00\u901a\u6253\u51fb\u548c\u66b4\u529b\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6b64\u4e8b\u4e0d\u4e86\u4e86\u4e4b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e09\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5f53Pitts\u542c\u8bf4Russell\u8981\u53bb\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u8bb2\u5b66\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u6bc5\u7136\u79bb\u5bb6\u51fa\u8d70\u4e86\u3002\u4ece\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd9\u4e00\u751f\u518d\u6ca1\u56de\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u89d2\u843d\uff0cPitts\u8fd9\u4e00\u751f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u7814\u8bfb\u8fc7\u6570\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u3002Warren McCulloch\u5927Pitts 25\u5c81\uff0c\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u533b\u751f\u3001\u5f8b\u5e08\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u8f88\u51fa\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e1c\u5cb8\u4e0a\u6d41\u5bb6\u5ead\u3002\u5728\u8d35\u65cf\u7537\u6821\u53d7\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u5728\u8036\u9c81\u5b66\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5b66\u533b\uff0c\u4e13\u653b\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u3002\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u7684\u90a3\u5957\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u5b66\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u6f14\u7ece\u5230\u7384\u5b66\u7684\u5883\u5730\u3002\u800cMcCulloch\u5374\u4e0d\u4e70\u8d26\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u6709\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u57fa\u7840\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u653e\u7535\u9020\u6210\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u6570\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u7ed9McCulloch\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u7075\u611f, \u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e5f\u662f\u7531\u5404\u79cd\u201c\u903b\u8f91\u95e8\u201d\uff08\u5982\u201c\u4e0e\u975e\u95e8\u201d\u7b49\uff09\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7f16\u7801\u8ba1\u7b97\u800c\u6210\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5c31\u7531\u795e\u7ecf\u653e\u7535\u6765\u4ea7\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e0a\u5929\u8ba9\u4ed6\u9047\u89c1\u4e86Pitts\u3002\u7531\u4e8ePitts\u9ad8\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u6bd5\u4e1a\uff0c\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba9\u4ed6\u6b63\u5f0f\u4e0a\u8bfe\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u53ea\u80fd\u8fb9\u6253\u5de5\uff0c\u8fb9\u53bb\u5230\u5904\u8e6d\u8bb2\u5ea7\u542c\u3002Pitts\u901a\u8fc7\u54e5\u4eec\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e86McCulloch\u3002\u4e24\u4eba\u867d\u7136\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u98ce\u9a6c\u725b\u4e0d\u76f8\u53ca\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a42\u5c81\u7684\u5bcc\u8d35\u9ad8\u58ee\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a18\u5c81\u7684\u8d64\u8d2b\u7f9e\u6da9\u5c11\u5e74\uff0c\u5374\u540c\u65f6\u70ed\u70c8\u76f8\u4fe1\u7740\u5927\u8111\u662f\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u8ba1\u7b97\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4e00\u62cd\u5373\u5408\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u7075\u9b42\u4f34\u4fa3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>McCulloch\u628aPitts\u5e26\u56de\u4e86\u4ed6\u5728\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u90ca\u533a\u7684\u5bb6\u4f4f\u4e0b\u3002\u6bcf\u5f53\u591c\u6df1\u4eba\u9759\uff0cMcCulloch\u7684\u592a\u592aRook\u5e26\u7740\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u7761\u89c9\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u548cPitts\u5f7b\u591c\u4e0d\u7720\u5730\u8ba8\u8bba\u8ba1\u7b97\u795e\u7ecf\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u575a\u4fe1\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u903b\u8f91\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u2018\u4e0e\u2019\u2018\u6216\u2019\u2018\u975e\u2019\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u6b63\u597d\u770b\u5230\u4e86Alan Turing\uff08\u56fe\u7075\uff09\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002Turing\u4ece\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u7684\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u7528\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u903b\u8f91\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524dMcCulloch\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u9677\u5165\u7684\u74f6\u9888\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u600e\u4e48\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u65f6\u95f4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u662fPitts\u7ed9\u4ed6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u601d\u8def\uff1a\u5927\u8111\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u91cc\uff0c\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u3002\u65f6\u95f4\u5373\u662f\u6c38\u6052\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u66fe\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u5728\u8111\u6d77\u91cc\u4f1a\u6c38\u8fdc\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53Pitts\u5b8c\u6210\u201c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u201d\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u5199\u8fdb\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u6c38\u8f7d\u53f2\u518c\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u91cc\u201cA Logical Calculus of Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity\u201d, \u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u8ba1\u7b97\u795e\u7ecf\u7684\u5f00\u7aef\uff0c\u5c06\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u5b66\u6d3e\u5f7b\u5e95\u6253\u5165\u4e86\u201c\u8fd1\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u201d\u3002\u00a0\u8ba1\u7b97\u795e\u7ecf\u5b66\uff0c\u5c06\u8ba4\u77e5\u795e\u7ecf\u5b66\u548c\u8111\u79d1\u5b66\u4ece\u7384\u5b66\u7684\u8fb9\u7f18\u633d\u6551\u4e86\u56de\u6765\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n<p>McCulloch\u90a3\u5929\u5f88\u6fc0\u52a8\u7684\u8bf4: for the first time in the history of science, we know how we know (\u79d1\u5b66\u53f2\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u2018\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u2019)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Pitts\u4eceMcCulloch\u90a3\u91cc\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u6e29\u6696\u548c\u5173\u7231\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u4ece\u6ca1\u4f53\u9a8c\u8fc7\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5b66\u672f\u4e0a\u5171\u9e23\u548c\u7236\u7231\u3002\u4ece\u6b64\u4ed6\u7ba1McCulloch\u548c\u59bb\u5b50\u7684\u5bb6\u53eb\u201cHome\u201d\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u4ed6\u6b7b\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\u7684home\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u6307\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bb6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u539f\u751f\u5bb6\u5ead\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1943\u5e74\uff0cPitts\u53bb\u4e86\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\uff0c\u5728MIT\u7ed3\u8bc6\u4e86\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u4e4b\u7236, Norbert Wiener\u3002Wiener\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u89c1Pitts\u90a3\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u81ea\u6211\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u628aPitts\u9886\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u5904\u9ed1\u677f\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u5b66\u63a8\u5bfc\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u63a8\u5bfc\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0cPitts\u4e0d\u65ad\u7ed9\u4ed6\u63d0\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u5efa\u8bae\u3002\u5199\u6ee1\u4e24\u5757\u9ed1\u677f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0cWiener\u5df2\u7ecf\u51b3\u5b9a\u8ba9Pitts\u6210\u4e3aMIT\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>MIT\u4e5f\u662f\u725b\uff0c\u5c45\u7136\u6ca1\u50cf\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u90a3\u6837\u58a8\u5b88\u6210\u89c4\uff0c\u8981\u770bPitts\u6bd5\u4e1a\u8bc1\u3002\u53ea\u770b\u4e86Wiener\u4fdd\u8bc1\uff0c\u5c31\u6536\u4e86\u9ad8\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6bd5\u4e1a\u7684\u5929\u624d\u5c11\u5e74\u6210\u4e86\u535a\u58eb\u751f\u3002Wiener\u6307\u5bfcPitts\u5c06\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u8ba1\u7b97\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u5316\uff0c\u771f\u5b9e\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5f15\u5165\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u3002\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u540e\u6765\u7684statistical neural network\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u5e74\u51ac\u5929\uff0cWiener\u8fd8\u5e26\u7740Pitts\u53bb\u4e86\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\uff0c\u7ed3\u8bc6\u4e86\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u6700NB\u7684\u5929\u624d\u51af\u7ebd\u66fc\uff08John von Neumann\uff09\u3002\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u6838\u5fc3\u5929\u624d\u5929\u56e2\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1945\u5e746\u6708\uff0cvon Neumann\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u5212\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u201c\u201cFirst Draft of a Report on the EDVAC\u201d (\u4eba\u7c7b\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u539f\u7406\u62a5\u544a)\u3002\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u7cfb\u7edf\u57fa\u672c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b97\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u5668\u6ca1\u6709\u5b58\u50a8\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u7a0b\u3002Von Neumann\u5c31\u662f\u9760\u7740Pitts\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\uff08memory\uff09\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5b58\u50a8\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u7bc7\u62a5\u544a\u91cc\uff0c\u53ea\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u5c31\u662fPitts\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5927\u795e\uff0c\u90fd\u80af\u5b9a\u4e86Pitts\u7684\u5929\u8d4b\u548c\u80fd\u529b\u30021954\u5e74\uff0c\u798f\u5e03\u65af\u8bc4\u900920\u4f4d40\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5929\u624d\uff0cPitts\u699c\u4e0a\u6709\u540d\uff0c\u6392\u5728Claude Shannon\uff08information science\u4e4b\u7236\uff09\u548cJames Watson\uff08DNA\u53cc\u87ba\u65cb\u6a21\u578b\u63d0\u51fa\u8005\uff09\u4e4b\u540e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019McCulloch\u4e5f\u5356\u6389\u4e86\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u7684\u5927\u623f\u5b50\uff0c\u653e\u7740\u6b63\u6559\u6388\u4e0d\u5f53\uff0c\u8ffd\u968f\u4ed6\u4eec\u6765\u5230\u4e86MIT\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u5b66\u6d3e\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u9876\u5cf0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6279\u5929\u624d\u96c6\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u505a\u7740\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u7684brain initiative\uff0c\u4f01\u56fe\u5c06\u8111\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\uff0c\u7edf\u8ba1\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e00\u5207\u5c3d\u5728\u638c\u63e1\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u7686\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u51af\u7ebd\u66fc\u5bf9\u6b64\u5374\u662f\u60b2\u89c2\u7684\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8111\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5206\u5bb6\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e86\u5b9a\u5c40\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u6df7\u6c8c\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u6cd5\u6574\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002Pitts\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6291\u90c1\u75c7\u75c7\u72b6\u3002\u4ed6\u7ed9McCulloch\u7684\u4fe1\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u6211\u5e38\u5e38\u611f\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u5fe7\u4f24\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u6e10\u6e10\u5931\u53bb\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u6211\u5728\u5bfb\u627e\u81ea\u5df1\u4eba\u751f\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u903b\u8f91\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u65f6\u53c8\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u6863\u5b50\u4e8b\u513f\uff0c\u52a0\u91cd\u4e86Pitts\u7684\u75c5\u60c5\u3002Wiener\u7684\u592a\u592aMargaret\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6709\u70b9\u4e8b\u513f\u5988\u6027\u4eba\u683c\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22Pitts\u548cMcCulloch\u4e00\u5bf9\u513f\u5e08\u5f92\u3002\u5979\u8ddf\u81ea\u5df1\u8001\u516c\u5439\u6795\u8fb9\u98ce\u8bf4McCulloch\u7684\u513f\u5b50\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u201c\u52fe\u5f15\u201d\u81ea\u5bb6\u5973\u513f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6309\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u4eba\u7684\u773c\u5149\uff0c\u201c\u52fe\u5f15\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u6b32\u52a0\u4e4b\u7f6a\u3002\u5c11\u7537\u5c11\u5973\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u8d28\u8eab\u4f53\u63a5\u89e6\uff0c\u4e92\u76f8\u559c\u6b22\u4e5f\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u5f88\u6b63\u5e38\u3002\u51b5\u4e14McCulloch\u5bb6\u5b69\u5b50\u4e5f\u662f\u4e66\u9999\u95e8\u7b2c\u7684\u516c\u5b50\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u762a\u4e09\u6d41\u6c13\uff0c\u8fd9\u62b9\u9ed1\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u70b9\u8fc7\u3002\u4f46Wiener\u5b9e\u5728\u62a4\u5973\u5fc3\u5207\uff0c\u76db\u6012\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7ed9McCulloch\u53d1\u4e86\u7535\u62a5\u8bf4\u00a0\u201c\u6211\u8fd9\u8f88\u5b50\u4e0d\u8981\u89c1\u5230\u4f60\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Pitts\u7531\u4e8e\u548cMcCulloch\u60c5\u540c\u7236\u5b50\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e5f\u88abWiener\u6beb\u4e0d\u7559\u60c5\u7684\u62c9\u9ed1\u670b\u53cb\u5708\u3002Pitts\u5728\u523a\u6fc0\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u9157\u9152\u8fc7\u5ea6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u535a\u58eb\u8bba\u6587\u4e00\u628a\u706b\u70e7\u6210\u4e86\u7070\u70ec\u3002Wiener\u8fd9\u65f6\u4e5f\u6709\u70b9\u540e\u6094\uff0c\u82b1\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u94b1\u8ba9\u4eba\u53bb\u4fee\u590d\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u7834\u955c\u96be\u5706\uff0c\u8bba\u6587\u4e5f\u7070\u98de\u70df\u706d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Pitts\u4e3a\u4e86\u5bf9\u6297\u6291\u90c1\uff0c\u88ab\u62c9\u9ed1\u670b\u53cb\u5708\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u6295\u8eab\u7814\u7a76\u5927\u8111\u89c6\u89c9\u539f\u7406\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6750\u6599\u662f\u9752\u86d9\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ed9\u9752\u86d9\u770b\u5404\u79cd\u56fe\u50cf\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5f55\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u3002\u548cPitts\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u89c6\u89c9\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff0c\u5bf9\u4fe1\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u8fc7\u6ee4\u548c\u5904\u7406\u30021959\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd9\u6279\u9752\u86d9\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u738b\u5b50\uff0c\u88ab\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u4e00\u7bc7\u8457\u540d\u7684paper\u4e0a\u201cWhat the Frog\u2019s Eye Tells the Frog\u2019s Brain\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Pitts\u5bf9\u6b64\u5374\u662f\u5fe7\u4f24\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u5927\u8111\u5904\u7406\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u6df7\u6c8c\u548c\u968f\u673a\u6027\uff0c\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u4e2d\u7684\u6e05\u6670\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u5dee\u4e4b\u751a\u8fdc\u3002\u00a0\u4ed6\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u6d88\u5931\u5728\u9152\u5427\u91cc\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u4eec\u5929\u5929\u90fd\u8981\u5bfb\u627e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eca\u5929\u53c8\u9189\u4e86\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u3002\u770b\u89c1\u4ed6\u81ea\u6bc1\uff0c\u5bf9\u670b\u53cb\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u6781\u5176\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1969\u5e74\uff0c46\u5c81\u7684\u4ed6\u5728\u5bb6\u91cc\u56e0\u809d\u75c5\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u75c7\u53bb\u4e16\u30024\u4e2a\u6708\u540e\uff0c71\u5c81\u7684McCulloch\u4e5f\u56e0\u51a0\u5fc3\u75c5\u6492\u624b\u4eba\u5bf0\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5171\u540c\u57cb\u4e0b\u4e86\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u534f\u52a9\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u7535\u8111\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u628a\u8ba4\u77e5\u8111\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u4ece\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f9d\u5fb7\u7684\u5b9a\u6027\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u98de\u8dc3\u5230\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u60f3\u5230\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u548cmachine learning\uff0c\u53c8\u5c06\u628a\u5206\u79bb\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u548c\u8111\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77?<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fa\u8eab\u5728\u8d2b\u56f0\u611a\u6627\u65e0\u77e5\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u53d7\u5c3d\u6b3a\u51cc\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u8bf4\u591a\u56fd\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u662f\u690d\u7269\u5b66\uff0c\u5316\u5b66\uff0c\u9e1f\u7c7b\u5b66\uff0c\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u548c\u7269\u7406\u7684\u5927\u5e08\u7ea7\u5b66\u8005\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ece\u6291\u90c1\u7684\u6df1\u6e0a\u91cc\uff0c\u7ed9\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u5149\u660e\u548c\u201c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p id=\"pvc_stats_582\" class=\"pvc_stats total_only  \" data-element-id=\"582\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" version=\"1.0\" 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